In Japan, the term “heritage of modernization” is used to collectively denote buildings related to industry, transportation, civil engineering, etc. that were constructed by modern methods during the period from the final days of the Edo period to the end of WWII and contributed to the modernization of Japan. Even while Japan was following a national isolation policy, Nagasaki pioneered the introduction of Western technologies. Around the end of the Edo period, Nagasaki was a place for the shogunate to learn Western military technologies, resulting in the local development of industrial technologies related to shipbuilding, coal mining, etc., which underpinned Japanese heavy industries. Therefore, in the prefecture, there are many valuable items showing the heritage of modernization, which symbolizes the dawn of modernized Japan.